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A torque converter in modern usage, is usually a fluid coupling which is used to be able to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, for instance an internal combustion engine or an electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. Like a basic fluid coupling, the torque converter takes the place of a mechanized clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter could provide the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque whenever there is a considerable difference between input and output rotational speed.
The most popular kind of torque converter utilized in car transmissions is the fluid coupling unit. In the 1920s there was likewise the Constantinesco or otherwise known as pendulum-based torque converter. There are various mechanical designs utilized for continuously changeable transmissions that could multiply torque. Like for example, the Variomatic is a kind which has a belt drive and expanding pulleys.
A fluid coupling is a 2 element drive which cannot multiply torque. A torque converter has an additional part that is the stator. This alters the drive's characteristics all through occasions of high slippage and generates an increase in torque output.
Within a torque converter, there are a minimum of three rotating parts: the turbine, so as to drive the load, the impeller that is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the turbine and the impeller so that it could alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Normally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under whichever condition and this is where the word stator originates from. Actually, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This design stops the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still permitting forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been adjustments that have been integrated sometimes. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is considered necessary, modifications to the modifications have proven to be worthy. Most commonly, these adjustments have taken the form of several stators and turbines. Every set has been designed to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Various instances include the Dynaflow which uses a five element converter to be able to produce the wide range of torque multiplication needed to propel a heavy vehicle.
While it is not strictly a component of classic torque converter design, different automotive converters consist of a lock-up clutch to lessen heat and to improve cruising power transmission effectiveness. The application of the clutch locks the turbine to the impeller. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses connected with fluid drive.
